Latest news from the CIS

To mark International Women's Day on March 8, the five women awarded the National Prize for Sociology and Political Science, granted by the CIS, wanted to define the key elements that make the research work of social thinkers different, their way of approaching topics, problems, questions and trends. Five sociologists, five professors, five trajectories, five visions, one common thread: to analyze and celebrate, from the Center for Sociological Research, the role of women in society.   Capitolina Díaz Martínez , National Sociology Prize 2025, “Women sociologists gave back to Sociology what the canon had left out: the body, everyday life, and real inequality . Classical Sociology understood society, and women sociologists explained how people live in it. Without women social thinkers, sociology has been more abstract than truthful.”   Inés Alberdi Alonso , National Prize for Sociology and Political Science 2019, “In addition to the usual topics in Sociology, women sociologists have studied some issues neglected by Classical Sociology. These sociologists have highlighted the importance of everyday life and have dedicated themselves to studying it. Within this context, they have emphasized the importance of care work, which is the foundation of human life .”   Carlota Solé i Puig , National Sociology Prize 2023, “Women social thinkers contribute topics to research that connect with the concerns, feelings and needs of their gender, as well as relevant issues in general debates of Contemporary Sociology, through the scientific method of an empirical science.”   Constanza Tobío Soler, National Prize for Sociology and Political Science 2021, “The very otherness of female scientists brings a perspective that allows them to ask different questions and consider different ways of seeking answers . This happened almost two centuries ago, when Harriet Martineau decided to empirically study society, including those institutions or social groups then considered of little interest, such as women or Black people. For the last few decades, female sociologists have been working in the vast, long-invisible field of care , built on the reciprocity essential for human survival. The growing and increasingly recognized presence of women enriches sociology and directs it toward new areas of knowledge about social reality .”   And María Ángeles Durán Heras , winner of the 2018 National Prize for Sociology and Political Science, concludes: “The greatest contribution of women social thinkers is to find the scientific gaps that have not been explored. The legacy of thousands of years in which women were excluded from the centers of thought production has hampered all scientific fields .”  

La confianza del consumidor se sitúa en 83,9 puntos, lo que representa 2,5 puntos más que el dato del mes de febrero del año pasado. Este aumento del índice se debe a la evolución de sus dos componentes: por un lado, la valoración de la situación actual sube 3 puntos en relación con enero y, por otro, la valoración de las expectativas es 3,7 puntos mayor que en el mes anterior. Esta subida se produce por el aumento de 0,4 puntos en la valoración de la situación actual en el último año y, principalmente, al incremento de 4,5 puntos en las expectativas de futuro respecto a febrero de 2025. En términos porcentuales, el crecimiento interanual del ICC es del 3% desde el mes de febrero del pasado año, como resultado del ascenso del 0,6% en la valoración de la situación actual y de la mejora del 5,2% en la valoración de las expectativas de futuro, en los últimos doce meses. En cuanto al Índice de Valoración de la Situación Actual alcanza este mes 77,5 puntos, con un aumento de 3 puntos en relación con el obtenido el pasado mes de enero. Este resultado se debe a la evolución interanual positiva de sus tres componentes: la valoración de la situación económica sufre un leve aumento de 0,2 puntos, la valoración de la situación de los hogares tiene incremento de 0,6 puntos y las opciones que ofrece el mercado de trabajo se valoran 0,5 puntos más que en febrero del año pasado. El Índice de Expectativas alcanza este mes de febrero 90,2 puntos, con un aumento de 3,7 puntos respecto al dato registrado en el mes de enero y representa un 4,3% de variación en términos relativos. Este resultado se debe a la evolución positiva del conjunto de sus componentes: la valoración de la evolución de la economía en el futuro llega a 78,7 puntos, lo que representa un aumento de 5 puntos, mientras que con 106,6 puntos la valoración de la futura situación de los hogares tiene un incremento de 1,3 puntos y las expectativas sobre el futuro del mercado de trabajo crecen 4,8 puntos, situándose este mes de febrero en 85,4 puntos. Los datos del ICC del CIS se basan en una muestra representativa de la población española de 3004 entrevistas realizadas entre el 13 al 18 de febrero del 2026.  

El CIS ha realizado una encuesta sobre la percepción social del amor en la que se pregunta a los españoles por cuestiones relacionadas con el tema, la influencia de la religión en el amor o por las aplicaciones de citas para ligar, entre otros asuntos. Entre las cuestiones relacionadas con la vida personal, la salud es la más importante para los españoles (99,1%), seguida de la familia (97,8%), la amistad (94,0%) y, en cuarto lugar, el amor (91,5%). Cuando se habla del amor en general, el 59% piensa en el amor “de pareja o conyugal”, un 58,3% se refiere a amor “familiar, a los nietos, nietas, entre hermanos y hermanas, fraternal, de madre…” y un 24,2% al “amor filial, es decir, a hijos e hijas”. Al preguntar por las palabras que más relacionan con el amor, como sentimiento en las relaciones amorosas o de pareja, el 95% piensa “mucho/bastante” en “la felicidad”, seguido del “compromiso” (94,7%), y la “igualdad” (93,6%). El 76,4% piensa que “las prisas de la vida actual son algo negativo para el amor”, frente a un 22,2% que está poco o nada de acuerdo con esta idea. Sobre la afirmación “el amor verdadero lo puede todo” un 64% señala estar “muy/bastante de acuerdo”, frente a un 35,1% que esta “poco/nada de acuerdo”. En cuanto a la afirmación “el amor funciona como el mercado, con la ley de la oferta y la demanda”, un 80,6% asegura que no está de acuerdo, mientras que un 17% está “muy o bastante de acuerdo”. Un 71,2% de españoles cree que para tener una vida satisfactoria es “muy o bastante importante “tener una relación amorosa o sentimental”, mientras que el 27,7% no lo cree necesario. Las relaciones amorosas… Lo más positivo de tener una relación amorosa o sentimental para los encuestados es compartir la vida con alguien (38,2%), seguido de poder formar una familia (17,5%) y, en tercer lugar, “disfrutar del día a día” (13,9%). Un 72,5% cree que es importante compartir cenas y comidas románticas de manera habitual en las relaciones amorosas, un 92% asegura que es importante viajar en pareja de vez en cuando y un 56,6% cree que hacerse regalos es algo esencial. El amor en la sociedad actual El 92,7% coincide en que no todo el mundo entiende lo mismo por amor hoy en día, frente a un 5,6% que cree que sí. Un 80,1% piensa que puede existir amor entre dos personas sin relaciones sexuales, mientras que un 18,3% asegura que no. Un 64,3% de encuestados no cree que la forma de entender el amor “dependa de la ideología de las personas”, aunque un 33,6% afirma que sí. Pero cuando se les pregunta si en cada época histórica existe una manera distinta de entender el amor y las relaciones sexuales el 84,8% asegura que sí, frente a un 13,8% que dice que no. El 52,2 % cree que la religión tiene poca influencia en la manera de entender el amor y las relaciones sexuales en nuestra sociedad, mientras un 44,2% indica que influye “mucho o bastante”. Apps para ligar El 86,3% de los españoles reconoce que ha oído hablar de aplicaciones de citas para ligar y un 25,2% asegura que se ha creado un perfil en alguna de ellas. Entre los que indican que se han creado un perfil, un 71,7% afirma que “alguna vez ha tenido una cita con alguien” que ha conocido en una de esas apps. Un 67% cree que es falso que sea más fácil encontrar el amor en estas aplicaciones que de manera tradicional, pero un 65,1% reconoce que es “más fácil encontrar sexo que de manera tradicional” y un 73,1% asegura que “la gente miente más en estas apps que de manera tradicional”. El 70,7% afirma mantener actualmente una relación amorosa o sentimental. Además, las relaciones con una duración de entre 11 y 20 años concentran el mayor porcentaje de personas encuestadas (18,3%). El 96,9% de los españoles en pareja declara mantener una relación monógama (“de pareja con una sola persona”), mientras que el 1,8% afirma estar en una relación abierta y el 0,6% señala practicar el poliamor. Tipo de relación Entre las personas que tienen relaciones amorosas o sentimentales, el 38,5% convive en un matrimonio religioso, un 34,6% en una pareja de novios, un 21,7% en un matrimonio civil y un 4,5% asegura que tiene una pareja de hecho. Entre los que no tienen pareja, un 41,1% afirma que les gustaría “mucho o bastante” tener una relación sentimental, mientras que un 57,2% dice que no le gustaría tenerla. Estos y otros datos se encuentran en el estudio ‘Percepción social del amor’ que se ha realizado del 22 al 30 de enero y cuenta con una muestra de 5.007 entrevistas. Pueden consultar los datos al completo en la web del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (www.cis.es). Para cualquier consulta el teléfono de Comunicación es 91 580 76 25.

On March 5th , at 12:30 p.m., the preview of the results of the ICC (Índice de Confianza del Consumidor) will be available to all media and interested people on the website of the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (www.cis.es). The ICC collects monthly the assessment of the recent evolution and expectations of Spanish consumers related to their family economy, employment and their savings and consumption possibilities. For any questions, the Communication telephone number is 91 580 76 25 / 664 470 083.

Resolución de 2 de marzo de 2026, del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas por la que se convocan diez becas de formación para posgraduados en materias de interés para el Organismo para el año 2026.

On March 4, at 12:30 p.m., the preview of the results of the study 'Percepción social del amor' will be available to all media and interested people on the website of the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (www.cis.es). For any questions, the Communication telephone number is 91 580 76 25 / 664 470 083.

On March 3, at 12:30 p.m., the preview of the results of the study 'Postelectoral elecciones autonómicas 2026. Comunidad autónoma de Aragón' will be available to all media and interested people on the website of the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (www.cis.es). For any questions, the Communication telephone number is 91 580 76 25 / 664 470 083.

The Ministry of Equality , through the Government Delegation against Gender Violence (DGVG) and the Center for Sociological Research (CIS), presented this morning the study "Perception of Prostitution". The Director General of Coordination and Research at the CIS, Silvia García Ramos, thanked the Ministry for the initiative and the trust placed in the Center for Sociological Research, emphasizing that “ultimately, the founding reason and objective of the CIS has always been to collaborate with other administrations to study public opinion in Spanish society, providing quality data that improves the development and implementation of public policies. Because only with good information can good decisions be made.” García Ramos highlighted that the survey represents a pioneering effort and a fundamental milestone, as it is the first time that CIS has conducted a monograph, dedicating an entire questionnaire to asking about the social perception that Spanish citizens have about prostitution and pornography , which has allowed for a deeper exploration of the topic and its analysis from multiple angles. While this isn't the first time the CIS has asked about this issue, as it has revealed: “ It was 40 years ago , in 1986, in a study on the image of military service, in which young men between the ages of 16 and 24 were asked about the justification or lack thereof for prostitution , among many other topics such as drug use, suicide, or paying less taxes. Other questions about the consumption or legitimacy of this practice have also been asked in other studies, such as the 2008 sexual health study.” The Director General of Coordination and Research described the methodological scope employed, based on the CATI system, with telephone interviews and phone numbers chosen completely at random, as is done in all CIS studies. It was designed with a sample size of 10,019 interviews , targeting residents of Spain aged 16 and over, with quotas for sex, age, municipality size, and autonomous community or city of residence. “We haven’t left young people out,” he added. “We didn’t want to forget them because their opinion is also crucial on a topic like this, but we also wanted a large enough sample size so that the results reflect the country’s situation at the time the survey is conducted, and have national, regional, and city representation.” The sheer size of the sample has allowed us to "generate two subsamples, one of men and one of women, with their corresponding weightings. This allows us to go far beyond simply cross-referencing by sex in the questions, to understand the opinions of men and women in a differentiated way according to their different sociodemographic conditions. In other words, we will be able to know, for example, what men think according to their age, the size of their municipality, their education; what women think according to their social class, their voting history, etc. This is a key aspect of the study, because it introduces an important gender perspective to a topic like the perception of prostitution, considerably expanding our knowledge on this subject." And finally, he wanted to acknowledge the fundamental role of the citizens who agree to answer the CIS surveys: “ We thank the citizens who have dedicated a little of their time to answering this survey , and who answer all the surveys that the CIS conducts every day. Thanks to their generosity in giving us this time, we can continue working, continue creating studies, and continue researching the reality of our society. Ultimately, it is they who contribute to providing public authorities with the information needed to develop policies, enabling the scientific community to continue its research, and allowing society and the media to understand the major social trends of our time.” The recognition was extended to the team of pollsters “for their daily work and also to all the technicians who have worked hand in hand with us to make this survey possible, and of course to the CIS staff, specifically the technician in charge of the study. It is thanks to their work and professionalism that we can continue to count on one of the best public opinion institutes that currently exist.” The Minister for Equality, Ana Redondo, began her speech by stating that prostitution “is not a job or just another economic activity, as it is intertwined with poverty, coercion, and vulnerability.” And thanks to this study by the Center for Sociological Research (CIS), the citizens' message is being heard: " It is about science, sociology and demoscopy, and it represents an endorsement for all that legislative and administrative structure that we are promoting ."

The Ministry of Equality, through the Government Delegation against Gender Violence (DGVG) and in collaboration with the Center for Sociological Research (CIS), has launched a survey targeting residents of Spain aged 16 and over. Its objective was to analyze societal perceptions of pornography and prostitution, as well as to understand how the public assesses their risks, impacts, and consequences in terms of equality, safety, and human rights. The ultimate goal is to generate robust empirical evidence to inform data-driven public policies, with a particular focus on preventing violence against women. The study, based on 10,019 interviews, analyzes citizens' attitudes, beliefs, and opinions regarding pornography, digital exposure to sexual content, victimization through the dissemination or non-consensual use of sexual images—including those generated with artificial intelligence (AI)—the perception of prostitution, and the measures considered appropriate to prevent and eradicate it. In light of the survey results, nearly 69% of respondents strongly or somewhat agree that prostitution is a form of violence against women, a percentage that rises to 75.1% among women. Furthermore, 79.1% strongly or somewhat agree that prostitution jeopardizes the dignity of those who engage in it, and over 75% believe that most women in prostitution are victims of sexual exploitation. On the other hand, more than three-quarters of the population consider that prostitution is not a job "like any other" and 79.8% reject the idea that it is "a way of exercising sexual freedom". Eighty-two percent of the population believes that paying for sex is a behavior more typical of men, as is watching pornography. Meanwhile, prostitution is perceived as a behavior more typical of women. Sixty-three percent of the population would disapprove of a male relative paying for sex. This rejection is even more pronounced among women, reaching 71.1%. Furthermore, the analysis by the DGVG and the CIS reveals a clear aversion among women to having a relationship with someone who pays for sex, with 91.2% stating they have no such intention. The public perceives prostitution as a phenomenon closely linked to socioeconomic vulnerability and violence. Seven out of ten people surveyed believe that women in prostitution are in it out of economic necessity, while 41.5% believe they are forced into it. Regarding pornography, 71.6% believe it promotes violence against women, and 93.3% of survey participants indicate the need to restrict minors' access to this content. They believe the responsibility for establishing these restrictions should lie primarily with families, parents, and also with the government. Furthermore, paying to view sexual acts on online platforms is considered a form of prostitution by seven out of ten people surveyed. Digital platforms Six out of ten people say they are aware of digital platforms like OnlyFans or JustForFans, with awareness being higher among men and those aged 16 to 34. According to those interviewed, financial need is the main reason some people create intimate content on these platforms. When asked about the risks that women who offer intimate or sexual content on digital platforms may face, the responses point to blackmail or extortion, unauthorized distribution, or harassment. The vast majority of the population, 95%, believes that digital platforms should be required to remove non-consensual sexual content published on them. Eradication of prostitution Regarding measures to eradicate prostitution, almost half the population believes the most necessary is strengthening education on equality, sexuality, and human rights from childhood. Likewise, the provision of social and economic programs to help women leave prostitution is seen as essential. Three out of ten respondents believe that punishing those who pay for prostitution and those who profit from the prostitution of others, but not the prostituted women, could be another effective measure. Regarding those who pay for prostitution, almost half of those who believe punishments should be imposed on those who pay for or profit from prostitution understand that this behavior should carry educational and economic sanctions. As for those who profit from the sexual activity of others, imprisonment is the most frequently mentioned measure, at 82.4%. The majority of the population, 85.6%, believes that punishing those who profit from the prostitution of others would contribute to reducing the trafficking of women and girls for sexual exploitation. In short, perceptions of pornography are largely critical, linking it to violence, the distortion of sexuality, and inequality. The results of the survey reflect a widespread rejection of positions that normalize prostitution, indicating a social orientation aligned with abolitionist approaches.  

On February 27, starting at 14:00 p.m., the study ‘Percepción de la prostitución' will be available to all media and interested people on the website of the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (www.cis.es). You will be able to access this study from the CIS website through the "Studies Catalog". For any questions, the Communication telephone number is 91 580 76 25 / 664 470 083.

To mark the 45th anniversary of the events of February 23, 1981, the CIS recalls the results of a survey conducted among Spanish citizens regarding that episode in recent history. In study no. 1,273 of February 1981 entitled " Investiture of Mr. Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo and II Congress of UCD ", the Center for Sociological Research (CIS) included in its questionnaire some questions related to the event. The survey, among other things, asked about the time at which the citizens interviewed had learned of the event and through which media. It also inquired about their state of mind, their initial reaction to the event, and whether they initially thought it would fail or have any chance of success. Through three infographics, the answers to various questions about the knowledge, perception, and social memory of that event are presented visually, with the aim of providing a data-driven perspective and facilitating its understanding. The full study conducted at the time can be accessed at the following link: Study 1.273.      

On February 24th , at 12:30 p.m., the preview of the results of the ICC (Índice de Confianza del Consumidor) will be available to all media and interested people on the website of the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (www.cis.es). The ICC collects monthly the assessment of the recent evolution and expectations of Spanish consumers related to their family economy, employment and their savings and consumption possibilities. For any questions, the Communication telephone number is 91 580 76 25 / 664 470 083.

To mark International Women's Day, the Centre for Sociological Research (CIS) will hold its 5th Conference on the Sociology of Gender on March 9, 10 and 11, which this year will focus on the vision of the five sociologists awarded the National Prize for Sociology and Political Science. We will have the presence of the Government Delegate of the Valencian Community, Pilar Bernabé García and the Secretary of State for Migration, Pilar Cancela Rodríguez, as well as all the sociologists awarded the National Prize for Sociology and Political Science who will be leading the different presentations: María Ángeles Durán Heras, Inés Alberdi Alonso, Constanza Tobío Soler, Carlota Solé i Puig and Capitolina Díaz Martínez. To attend the Conference, prior registration is required, so all those interested should indicate their full name and ID number in the following email: actividades@cis.es. Entry will be free until capacity is reached. The event will be broadcast live on the CIS YouTube channel and can be followed via these links: Day 1 - Conference on the Sociology of Gender https://youtube.com/live/dua_22zV9Og?feature=share Day 2 - Conference on the Sociology of Gender https://youtube.com/live/RLH17-Y1dtw?feature=share Day 3 - Conference on the Sociology of Gender https://youtube.com/live/noIOFHmooTw?feature=share We're waiting for you!

The CIS pre-election poll for the regional elections in Castile and León indicates that the PP is the party with the highest projected vote share, at 33.4%, followed by the PSOE with 32.3%. VOX would reach 16.1%, UPL would remain at 4.9%, IU-Movimiento SUMAR-VQ at 5.1%, and Podemos would be at 3.1%. Regarding the distribution of seats, the PP would move within a range of 28 to 38 seats, the PSOE between 26 and 35, VOX would be between 11 and 19 seats, UPL could achieve between 2 and 4 seats, IU-Movimiento SUMAR-VQ from 0 to 4, Podemos-AV would not get a seat, Por Ávila and Soria YA could achieve one seat each. Situation in Castile and León 43.6% of the people of Castile and León say that the current situation in Castile and León is "bad or very bad", 42.8% say that it is "very good or good" and 12.5% think that it is "fair". Compared to 4 years ago, 46.6% think that the general situation in Castilla y León is the same, 37.4% say that it is “worse or much worse” and 14% think that it is “much better or better”. Main problems 17.6% think that “the depopulation of rural Spain” is the main problem in the community - well ahead of healthcare - which they mention as the second problem (12.9%), and unemployment, which is in third position with 8.9%. 37.5% rate the management of the government of Castilla y León as "fair", 36.8% as "bad or very bad", and 24.8% as "very good or good". Interest in the upcoming elections 50% of those surveyed say they are following the news and issues related to the elections in Castile and León with "little or no interest", while 47.3% say they are following them with "a lot or quite a bit of interest". 61% say that when voting in the upcoming regional elections, the most important issues will be those specific to Castile and León, while 29.5% say that general issues affecting Spain are their primary concern. 7.7% say that both are equally important to them. Reasons or motives for voting Regarding the main reason or motive that motivates or influences their vote in these elections, 38.6% of the people of Castile and León indicate that it is "the ideas and proposals of the party", 34.4% say that it is "the economic and social situation", and 23.1% will vote for "because it is the party that is most capable of managing the autonomous community". Presidential preferences As for who they prefer to be president of the community, Fernández Mañueco is the favorite for 38.3% of those surveyed who mention a candidate, followed by Carlos Martínez (30.2%) and in third place Carlos Pollán with 13.7%. Who do you think will win the elections and who would like to 79% of those surveyed believe the PP will win these elections. Regarding who they would like to see win, 29.1% say the PP, 28.8% the PSOE, 13.5% Vox, and 4.4% IU-MS-VQ. Low voter loyalty 49.1% of those surveyed stated that they vote for one party or another, or do not vote at all, based on what convinces them most at the time. 24.1% always vote for the same party, and 22% generally vote for the same party. Government management 55.4% of those surveyed decide which party or coalition they will vote for well before the start of the election campaign. 18.6% decide during the last week of the campaign. 9% at the beginning of the election campaign. 7.5% on election day itself. And 6.1% during the day of reflection, the day before the election. The pre-election survey for Castile and León was conducted from February 6 to 13 with a total sample of 8,039 interviews. The complete data is available to all interested parties on the CIS website.

On February 20, at 12:30 p.m., the preview of the results of the study 'Preelectoral elecciones autonómicas 2026. Comunidad autónoma de Castilla y León' will be available to all media and interested people on the website of the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (www.cis.es). For any questions, the Communication telephone number is 91 580 76 25 / 664 470 083.

Everything related to access to housing is now perceived as the main problem that currently exists in Spain, according to 42.8% of those surveyed by the February Barometer of the Center for Sociological Research. The new finding of this latest study is that it has also become the primary concern when asked "about the first problem that personally affects you the most" with 27.6% of the responses. Immigration appears second as a problem affecting Spain, with 20.3% of mentions, followed by economic problems, with 18.1%. In the personal sphere, after housing, problems related to the economy (25.8%) and health (22.9%) are noted.  

The Spanish Constitution of 1978 has become this February the longest-lasting of the nine constitutions that have succeeded one another in the History of Spain, surpassing the text of 1876, something that was known by 49.2% of those surveyed by the February Barometer of the Center for Sociological Research (CIS). The study, conducted between February 2 and 6 with a sample of 4,027 interviews, concludes that 82.3% of Spaniards believe that our Constitution “has contributed to the development of social rights in Spain, to economic prosperity and the improvement of employment (75.3%), and to Spain having a more prominent role in Europe and in the world (71.6%). The most significant aspects of the current Constitution for Spaniards are positive. First, 31.8% say it "guarantees freedom," 21.2% believe it "allows for the peaceful resolution of conflicts," and 15.6% say it "was approved by almost everyone's agreement." 37.3% of those surveyed believe that the Constitution can help solve the problems we currently have, while 58.1% do not believe that it can.

Resolution of the Presidency of the Center for Sociological Research that makes public the award of admission to the XXXIV Postgraduate Training Course for the training of specialists in applied social research and data analysis 2025-2026, and the award of the tuition aids linked to the realization of the same.

According to the CIS February barometer, the PSOE would now obtain 32.6% of votes, the PP would remain at 22.9%, VOX at 18.9%, SUMAR at 7% and Podemos at 3.9%. Pedro Sánchez is the highest-rated political leader with an average score of 4.23; followed by Yolanda Díaz with 3.97; Alberto Núñez Feijóo with 3.45; and Santiago Abascal with 2.97. Pedro Sánchez is the favorite as Prime Minister for 39.7% of those surveyed who give their opinion, taking a 23.7 point advantage over Santiago Abascal who is the favorite for 16% and is in second position ahead of Alberto Núñez Feijóo, who is the favorite for 15.6%, Gabriel Rufián for 6.6%, Isabel Díaz Ayuso for 5.3% and Yolanda Díaz for 4.9%. Constitution of 1978: the longest-lasting in the history of Spain The Spanish Constitution of 1978, which this February became the longest-lasting in the history of Spain (something that 49.2% of Spaniards knew), is considered by 82.3% as a Constitution that has contributed to the development of social rights in Spain, to economic prosperity and improvements in employment in Spain (75.3%), and to Spain having a more prominent role in Europe and the world (71.6%). 37.3% believe that the Constitution can help solve the problems we currently have, while 58.1% do not believe that it can. The most significant aspects of the current Constitution for Spaniards are positive. First, "that it guarantees freedom" (31.8%), followed by "that it allows conflicts to be resolved peacefully" (21.2%), and "that it was approved by almost everyone's agreement" (15.6%). 84.3% believe that the current Spanish Constitution needs some reform, of which 66.5% think major reforms are necessary, and 32.1% think minor reforms. Regarding the areas where reforms are thought to be necessary, 22.1% cite "social, economic, and labor rights" as the primary concern, followed by 14.5% as the secondary concern; this is followed, at a considerable distance, by "the form of government (Monarchy vs. Republic)," with 10.9% as the primary concern and 5.6% as the secondary concern. This represents only 13.8% of all respondents, indicating that the remaining 86.2% do not raise this issue. Next are mentioned territorial issues (10.1% and 6.2%), guarantees of transparency in political activity (8% and 5.3%), issues related to Justice and defense rights (7.3% and 5.2%), participation and the electoral system (7.1% and 4.47%), and the rights and freedoms of citizens (5.7% and 5.6%). However, there is less public awareness on very relevant and current issues, such as immigration (2.5% and 2.6%), gender equality (2.2% and 1.6%), new technologies (0.6% and 0.3%) and issues related to European integration (0.2% and 0.3%) or the environment (0.2% and 0.3%). Trump and geopolitics Meanwhile, on the international stage, CIS data indicates that 76.5% of Spaniards currently have a "bad or very bad" opinion of the current President of the United States of America, Donald Trump, while 15.7% have a "very good or good" opinion and 3.8% a "fair" one. Regarding Donald Trump's attempt to annex Greenland, 83.5% are against it. Furthermore, 79.5% believe Trump poses a threat to world peace. Regarding arrests, attacks on migrants and other acts of violence, 67.4% say that democracy is being endangered in the United States itself. Problems in Spain According to those surveyed, Spain's main problem is housing (42.8%), followed by immigration (20.3%), and the economic crisis and economic problems (18.1%). The problems that Spaniards consider to affect them most personally are housing (27.6%), which climbs to first position compared to last month; the economy (25.8%), and health (22.9%). Personal and general economic situation 63.5% of Spaniards consider their current personal economic situation to be “very good or good,” compared to 26.2% who say it is “bad or very bad.” Regarding the overall economic situation in Spain, 37.6% consider it “good or very good,” compared to 55.4% who consider it “bad or very bad.” Russia's invasion of Ukraine and war in the Middle East 70.7% of those surveyed feel “very or quite worried” about Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, 15.4% say “little or not at all” and 11.6% are “somewhat worried”. Regarding the war in the Middle East, 66.2% feel "very or quite worried", 16% say they are "not worried" or "not worried at all", and 15.6% say they feel "some" worry. These and other data are collected in the barometer carried out from February 2 to 6 with 4,027 interviews.

On February 16, at 12:30 p.m., the preview of the results of the 'Barómetro de febrero 2026' will be available to all media and interested people on the website of the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (www.cis.es). For any questions, the Communication telephone number is 91 580 76 25 / 664 470 083.