On February 24th , at 12:30 p.m., the preview of the results of the ICC (Índice de Confianza del Consumidor) will be available to all media and interested people on the website of the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (www.cis.es). The ICC collects monthly the assessment of the recent evolution and expectations of Spanish consumers related to their family economy, employment and their savings and consumption possibilities. For any questions, the Communication telephone number is 91 580 76 25 / 664 470 083.

Resolution of the Presidency of the Center for Sociological Research that makes public the award of admission to the XXXIV Postgraduate Training Course for the training of specialists in applied social research and data analysis 2025-2026, and the award of the tuition aids linked to the realization of the same.

Everything related to access to housing is now perceived as the main problem that currently exists in Spain, according to 42.8% of those surveyed by the February Barometer of the Center for Sociological Research. The new finding of this latest study is that it has also become the primary concern when asked "about the first problem that personally affects you the most" with 27.6% of the responses. Immigration appears second as a problem affecting Spain, with 20.3% of mentions, followed by economic problems, with 18.1%. In the personal sphere, after housing, problems related to the economy (25.8%) and health (22.9%) are noted.  

The CIS pre-election poll for the regional elections in Castile and León indicates that the PP is the party with the highest projected vote share, at 33.4%, followed by the PSOE with 32.3%. VOX would reach 16.1%, UPL would remain at 4.9%, IU-Movimiento SUMAR-VQ at 5.1%, and Podemos would be at 3.1%. Regarding the distribution of seats, the PP would move within a range of 28 to 38 seats, the PSOE between 26 and 35, VOX would be between 11 and 19 seats, UPL could achieve between 2 and 4 seats, IU-Movimiento SUMAR-VQ from 0 to 4, Podemos-AV would not get a seat, Por Ávila and Soria YA could achieve one seat each. Situation in Castile and León 43.6% of the people of Castile and León say that the current situation in Castile and León is "bad or very bad", 42.8% say that it is "very good or good" and 12.5% think that it is "fair". Compared to 4 years ago, 46.6% think that the general situation in Castilla y León is the same, 37.4% say that it is “worse or much worse” and 14% think that it is “much better or better”. Main problems 17.6% think that “the depopulation of rural Spain” is the main problem in the community - well ahead of healthcare - which they mention as the second problem (12.9%), and unemployment, which is in third position with 8.9%. 37.5% rate the management of the government of Castilla y León as "fair", 36.8% as "bad or very bad", and 24.8% as "very good or good". Interest in the upcoming elections 50% of those surveyed say they are following the news and issues related to the elections in Castile and León with "little or no interest", while 47.3% say they are following them with "a lot or quite a bit of interest". 61% say that when voting in the upcoming regional elections, the most important issues will be those specific to Castile and León, while 29.5% say that general issues affecting Spain are their primary concern. 7.7% say that both are equally important to them. Reasons or motives for voting Regarding the main reason or motive that motivates or influences their vote in these elections, 38.6% of the people of Castile and León indicate that it is "the ideas and proposals of the party", 34.4% say that it is "the economic and social situation", and 23.1% will vote for "because it is the party that is most capable of managing the autonomous community". Presidential preferences As for who they prefer to be president of the community, Fernández Mañueco is the favorite for 38.3% of those surveyed who mention a candidate, followed by Carlos Martínez (30.2%) and in third place Carlos Pollán with 13.7%. Who do you think will win the elections and who would like to 79% of those surveyed believe the PP will win these elections. Regarding who they would like to see win, 29.1% say the PP, 28.8% the PSOE, 13.5% Vox, and 4.4% IU-MS-VQ. Low voter loyalty 49.1% of those surveyed stated that they vote for one party or another, or do not vote at all, based on what convinces them most at the time. 24.1% always vote for the same party, and 22% generally vote for the same party. Government management 55.4% of those surveyed decide which party or coalition they will vote for well before the start of the election campaign. 18.6% decide during the last week of the campaign. 9% at the beginning of the election campaign. 7.5% on election day itself. And 6.1% during the day of reflection, the day before the election. The pre-election survey for Castile and León was conducted from February 6 to 13 with a total sample of 8,039 interviews. The complete data is available to all interested parties on the CIS website.

To mark the 45th anniversary of the events of February 23, 1981, the CIS recalls the results of a survey conducted among Spanish citizens regarding that episode in recent history. In study no. 1,273 of February 1981 entitled " Investiture of Mr. Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo and II Congress of UCD ", the Center for Sociological Research (CIS) included in its questionnaire some questions related to the event. The survey, among other things, asked about the time at which the citizens interviewed had learned of the event and through which media. It also inquired about their state of mind, their initial reaction to the event, and whether they initially thought it would fail or have any chance of success. Through three infographics, the answers to various questions about the knowledge, perception, and social memory of that event are presented visually, with the aim of providing a data-driven perspective and facilitating its understanding. The full study conducted at the time can be accessed at the following link: Study 1.273.      

According to the CIS February barometer, the PSOE would now obtain 32.6% of votes, the PP would remain at 22.9%, VOX at 18.9%, SUMAR at 7% and Podemos at 3.9%. Pedro Sánchez is the highest-rated political leader with an average score of 4.23; followed by Yolanda Díaz with 3.97; Alberto Núñez Feijóo with 3.45; and Santiago Abascal with 2.97. Pedro Sánchez is the favorite as Prime Minister for 39.7% of those surveyed who give their opinion, taking a 23.7 point advantage over Santiago Abascal who is the favorite for 16% and is in second position ahead of Alberto Núñez Feijóo, who is the favorite for 15.6%, Gabriel Rufián for 6.6%, Isabel Díaz Ayuso for 5.3% and Yolanda Díaz for 4.9%. Constitution of 1978: the longest-lasting in the history of Spain The Spanish Constitution of 1978, which this February became the longest-lasting in the history of Spain (something that 49.2% of Spaniards knew), is considered by 82.3% as a Constitution that has contributed to the development of social rights in Spain, to economic prosperity and improvements in employment in Spain (75.3%), and to Spain having a more prominent role in Europe and the world (71.6%). 37.3% believe that the Constitution can help solve the problems we currently have, while 58.1% do not believe that it can. The most significant aspects of the current Constitution for Spaniards are positive. First, "that it guarantees freedom" (31.8%), followed by "that it allows conflicts to be resolved peacefully" (21.2%), and "that it was approved by almost everyone's agreement" (15.6%). 84.3% believe that the current Spanish Constitution needs some reform, of which 66.5% think major reforms are necessary, and 32.1% think minor reforms. Regarding the areas where reforms are thought to be necessary, 22.1% cite "social, economic, and labor rights" as the primary concern, followed by 14.5% as the secondary concern; this is followed, at a considerable distance, by "the form of government (Monarchy vs. Republic)," with 10.9% as the primary concern and 5.6% as the secondary concern. This represents only 13.8% of all respondents, indicating that the remaining 86.2% do not raise this issue. Next are mentioned territorial issues (10.1% and 6.2%), guarantees of transparency in political activity (8% and 5.3%), issues related to Justice and defense rights (7.3% and 5.2%), participation and the electoral system (7.1% and 4.47%), and the rights and freedoms of citizens (5.7% and 5.6%). However, there is less public awareness on very relevant and current issues, such as immigration (2.5% and 2.6%), gender equality (2.2% and 1.6%), new technologies (0.6% and 0.3%) and issues related to European integration (0.2% and 0.3%) or the environment (0.2% and 0.3%). Trump and geopolitics Meanwhile, on the international stage, CIS data indicates that 76.5% of Spaniards currently have a "bad or very bad" opinion of the current President of the United States of America, Donald Trump, while 15.7% have a "very good or good" opinion and 3.8% a "fair" one. Regarding Donald Trump's attempt to annex Greenland, 83.5% are against it. Furthermore, 79.5% believe Trump poses a threat to world peace. Regarding arrests, attacks on migrants and other acts of violence, 67.4% say that democracy is being endangered in the United States itself. Problems in Spain According to those surveyed, Spain's main problem is housing (42.8%), followed by immigration (20.3%), and the economic crisis and economic problems (18.1%). The problems that Spaniards consider to affect them most personally are housing (27.6%), which climbs to first position compared to last month; the economy (25.8%), and health (22.9%). Personal and general economic situation 63.5% of Spaniards consider their current personal economic situation to be “very good or good,” compared to 26.2% who say it is “bad or very bad.” Regarding the overall economic situation in Spain, 37.6% consider it “good or very good,” compared to 55.4% who consider it “bad or very bad.” Russia's invasion of Ukraine and war in the Middle East 70.7% of those surveyed feel “very or quite worried” about Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, 15.4% say “little or not at all” and 11.6% are “somewhat worried”. Regarding the war in the Middle East, 66.2% feel "very or quite worried", 16% say they are "not worried" or "not worried at all", and 15.6% say they feel "some" worry. These and other data are collected in the barometer carried out from February 2 to 6 with 4,027 interviews.

According to the CIS February barometer, the PSOE would now obtain 32.6% of votes, the PP would remain at 22.9%, VOX at 18.9%, SUMAR at 7% and Podemos at 3.9%. Pedro Sánchez is the highest-rated political leader with an average score of 4.23; followed by Yolanda Díaz with 3.97; Alberto Núñez Feijóo with 3.45; and Santiago Abascal with 2.97. Pedro Sánchez is the favorite as Prime Minister for 39.7% of those surveyed who give their opinion, taking a 23.7 point advantage over Santiago Abascal who is the favorite for 16% and is in second position ahead of Alberto Núñez Feijóo, who is the favorite for 15.6%, Gabriel Rufián for 6.6%, Isabel Díaz Ayuso for 5.3% and Yolanda Díaz for 4.9%. Constitution of 1978: the longest-lasting in the history of Spain The Spanish Constitution of 1978, which this February became the longest-lasting in the history of Spain (something that 49.2% of Spaniards knew), is considered by 82.3% as a Constitution that has contributed to the development of social rights in Spain, to economic prosperity and improvements in employment in Spain (75.3%), and to Spain having a more prominent role in Europe and the world (71.6%). 37.3% believe that the Constitution can help solve the problems we currently have, while 58.1% do not believe that it can. The most significant aspects of the current Constitution for Spaniards are positive. First, "that it guarantees freedom" (31.8%), followed by "that it allows conflicts to be resolved peacefully" (21.2%), and "that it was approved by almost everyone's agreement" (15.6%). 84.3% believe that the current Spanish Constitution needs some reform, of which 66.5% think major reforms are necessary, and 32.1% think minor reforms. Regarding the areas where reforms are thought to be necessary, 22.1% cite "social, economic, and labor rights" as the primary concern, followed by 14.5% as the secondary concern; this is followed, at a considerable distance, by "the form of government (Monarchy vs. Republic)," with 10.9% as the primary concern and 5.6% as the secondary concern. This represents only 13.8% of all respondents, indicating that the remaining 86.2% do not raise this issue. Next are mentioned territorial issues (10.1% and 6.2%), guarantees of transparency in political activity (8% and 5.3%), issues related to Justice and defense rights (7.3% and 5.2%), participation and the electoral system (7.1% and 4.47%), and the rights and freedoms of citizens (5.7% and 5.6%). However, there is less public awareness on very relevant and current issues, such as immigration (2.5% and 2.6%), gender equality (2.2% and 1.6%), new technologies (0.6% and 0.3%) and issues related to European integration (0.2% and 0.3%) or the environment (0.2% and 0.3%). Trump and geopolitics Meanwhile, on the international stage, CIS data indicates that 76.5% of Spaniards currently have a "bad or very bad" opinion of the current President of the United States of America, Donald Trump, while 15.7% have a "very good or good" opinion and 3.8% a "fair" one. Regarding Donald Trump's attempt to annex Greenland, 83.5% are against it. Furthermore, 79.5% believe Trump poses a threat to world peace. Regarding arrests, attacks on migrants and other acts of violence, 67.4% say that democracy is being endangered in the United States itself. Problems in Spain According to those surveyed, Spain's main problem is housing (42.8%), followed by immigration (20.3%), and the economic crisis and economic problems (18.1%). The problems that Spaniards consider to affect them most personally are housing (27.6%), which climbs to first position compared to last month; the economy (25.8%), and health (22.9%). Personal and general economic situation 63.5% of Spaniards consider their current personal economic situation to be “very good or good,” compared to 26.2% who say it is “bad or very bad.” Regarding the overall economic situation in Spain, 37.6% consider it “good or very good,” compared to 55.4% who consider it “bad or very bad.” Russia's invasion of Ukraine and war in the Middle East 70.7% of those surveyed feel “very or quite worried” about Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, 15.4% say “little or not at all” and 11.6% are “somewhat worried”. Regarding the war in the Middle East, 66.2% feel "very or quite worried", 16% say they are "not worried" or "not worried at all", and 15.6% say they feel "some" worry. These and other data are collected in the barometer carried out from February 2 to 6 with 4,027 interviews.

According to the CIS February barometer, the PSOE would now obtain 32.6% of votes, the PP would remain at 22.9%, VOX at 18.9%, SUMAR at 7% and Podemos at 3.9%. Pedro Sánchez is the highest-rated political leader with an average score of 4.23; followed by Yolanda Díaz with 3.97; Alberto Núñez Feijóo with 3.45; and Santiago Abascal with 2.97. Pedro Sánchez is the favorite as Prime Minister for 39.7% of those surveyed who give their opinion, taking a 23.7 point advantage over Santiago Abascal who is the favorite for 16% and is in second position ahead of Alberto Núñez Feijóo, who is the favorite for 15.6%, Gabriel Rufián for 6.6%, Isabel Díaz Ayuso for 5.3% and Yolanda Díaz for 4.9%. Constitution of 1978: the longest-lasting in the history of Spain The Spanish Constitution of 1978, which this February became the longest-lasting in the history of Spain (something that 49.2% of Spaniards knew), is considered by 82.3% as a Constitution that has contributed to the development of social rights in Spain, to economic prosperity and improvements in employment in Spain (75.3%), and to Spain having a more prominent role in Europe and the world (71.6%). 37.3% believe that the Constitution can help solve the problems we currently have, while 58.1% do not believe that it can. The most significant aspects of the current Constitution for Spaniards are positive. First, "that it guarantees freedom" (31.8%), followed by "that it allows conflicts to be resolved peacefully" (21.2%), and "that it was approved by almost everyone's agreement" (15.6%). 84.3% believe that the current Spanish Constitution needs some reform, of which 66.5% think major reforms are necessary, and 32.1% think minor reforms. Regarding the areas where reforms are thought to be necessary, 22.1% cite "social, economic, and labor rights" as the primary concern, followed by 14.5% as the secondary concern; this is followed, at a considerable distance, by "the form of government (Monarchy vs. Republic)," with 10.9% as the primary concern and 5.6% as the secondary concern. This represents only 13.8% of all respondents, indicating that the remaining 86.2% do not raise this issue. Next are mentioned territorial issues (10.1% and 6.2%), guarantees of transparency in political activity (8% and 5.3%), issues related to Justice and defense rights (7.3% and 5.2%), participation and the electoral system (7.1% and 4.47%), and the rights and freedoms of citizens (5.7% and 5.6%). However, there is less public awareness on very relevant and current issues, such as immigration (2.5% and 2.6%), gender equality (2.2% and 1.6%), new technologies (0.6% and 0.3%) and issues related to European integration (0.2% and 0.3%) or the environment (0.2% and 0.3%). Trump and geopolitics Meanwhile, on the international stage, CIS data indicates that 76.5% of Spaniards currently have a "bad or very bad" opinion of the current President of the United States of America, Donald Trump, while 15.7% have a "very good or good" opinion and 3.8% a "fair" one. Regarding Donald Trump's attempt to annex Greenland, 83.5% are against it. Furthermore, 79.5% believe Trump poses a threat to world peace. Regarding arrests, attacks on migrants and other acts of violence, 67.4% say that democracy is being endangered in the United States itself. Problems in Spain According to those surveyed, Spain's main problem is housing (42.8%), followed by immigration (20.3%), and the economic crisis and economic problems (18.1%). The problems that Spaniards consider to affect them most personally are housing (27.6%), which climbs to first position compared to last month; the economy (25.8%), and health (22.9%). Personal and general economic situation 63.5% of Spaniards consider their current personal economic situation to be “very good or good,” compared to 26.2% who say it is “bad or very bad.” Regarding the overall economic situation in Spain, 37.6% consider it “good or very good,” compared to 55.4% who consider it “bad or very bad.” Russia's invasion of Ukraine and war in the Middle East 70.7% of those surveyed feel “very or quite worried” about Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, 15.4% say “little or not at all” and 11.6% are “somewhat worried”. Regarding the war in the Middle East, 66.2% feel "very or quite worried", 16% say they are "not worried" or "not worried at all", and 15.6% say they feel "some" worry. These and other data are collected in the barometer carried out from February 2 to 6 with 4,027 interviews.

According to the CIS February barometer, the PSOE would now obtain 32.6% of votes, the PP would remain at 22.9%, VOX at 18.9%, SUMAR at 7% and Podemos at 3.9%. Pedro Sánchez is the highest-rated political leader with an average score of 4.23; followed by Yolanda Díaz with 3.97; Alberto Núñez Feijóo with 3.45; and Santiago Abascal with 2.97. Pedro Sánchez is the favorite as Prime Minister for 39.7% of those surveyed who give their opinion, taking a 23.7 point advantage over Santiago Abascal who is the favorite for 16% and is in second position ahead of Alberto Núñez Feijóo, who is the favorite for 15.6%, Gabriel Rufián for 6.6%, Isabel Díaz Ayuso for 5.3% and Yolanda Díaz for 4.9%. Constitution of 1978: the longest-lasting in the history of Spain The Spanish Constitution of 1978, which this February became the longest-lasting in the history of Spain (something that 49.2% of Spaniards knew), is considered by 82.3% as a Constitution that has contributed to the development of social rights in Spain, to economic prosperity and improvements in employment in Spain (75.3%), and to Spain having a more prominent role in Europe and the world (71.6%). 37.3% believe that the Constitution can help solve the problems we currently have, while 58.1% do not believe that it can. The most significant aspects of the current Constitution for Spaniards are positive. First, "that it guarantees freedom" (31.8%), followed by "that it allows conflicts to be resolved peacefully" (21.2%), and "that it was approved by almost everyone's agreement" (15.6%). 84.3% believe that the current Spanish Constitution needs some reform, of which 66.5% think major reforms are necessary, and 32.1% think minor reforms. Regarding the areas where reforms are thought to be necessary, 22.1% cite "social, economic, and labor rights" as the primary concern, followed by 14.5% as the secondary concern; this is followed, at a considerable distance, by "the form of government (Monarchy vs. Republic)," with 10.9% as the primary concern and 5.6% as the secondary concern. This represents only 13.8% of all respondents, indicating that the remaining 86.2% do not raise this issue. Next are mentioned territorial issues (10.1% and 6.2%), guarantees of transparency in political activity (8% and 5.3%), issues related to Justice and defense rights (7.3% and 5.2%), participation and the electoral system (7.1% and 4.47%), and the rights and freedoms of citizens (5.7% and 5.6%). However, there is less public awareness on very relevant and current issues, such as immigration (2.5% and 2.6%), gender equality (2.2% and 1.6%), new technologies (0.6% and 0.3%) and issues related to European integration (0.2% and 0.3%) or the environment (0.2% and 0.3%). Trump and geopolitics Meanwhile, on the international stage, CIS data indicates that 76.5% of Spaniards currently have a "bad or very bad" opinion of the current President of the United States of America, Donald Trump, while 15.7% have a "very good or good" opinion and 3.8% a "fair" one. Regarding Donald Trump's attempt to annex Greenland, 83.5% are against it. Furthermore, 79.5% believe Trump poses a threat to world peace. Regarding arrests, attacks on migrants and other acts of violence, 67.4% say that democracy is being endangered in the United States itself. Problems in Spain According to those surveyed, Spain's main problem is housing (42.8%), followed by immigration (20.3%), and the economic crisis and economic problems (18.1%). The problems that Spaniards consider to affect them most personally are housing (27.6%), which climbs to first position compared to last month; the economy (25.8%), and health (22.9%). Personal and general economic situation 63.5% of Spaniards consider their current personal economic situation to be “very good or good,” compared to 26.2% who say it is “bad or very bad.” Regarding the overall economic situation in Spain, 37.6% consider it “good or very good,” compared to 55.4% who consider it “bad or very bad.” Russia's invasion of Ukraine and war in the Middle East 70.7% of those surveyed feel “very or quite worried” about Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, 15.4% say “little or not at all” and 11.6% are “somewhat worried”. Regarding the war in the Middle East, 66.2% feel "very or quite worried", 16% say they are "not worried" or "not worried at all", and 15.6% say they feel "some" worry. These and other data are collected in the barometer carried out from February 2 to 6 with 4,027 interviews.

The Ministry of Equality, through the Government Delegation against Gender Violence (DGVG) and in collaboration with the Center for Sociological Research (CIS), has launched a survey targeting residents of Spain aged 16 and over. Its objective was to analyze societal perceptions of pornography and prostitution, as well as to understand how the public assesses their risks, impacts, and consequences in terms of equality, safety, and human rights. The ultimate goal is to generate robust empirical evidence to inform data-driven public policies, with a particular focus on preventing violence against women. The study, based on 10,019 interviews, analyzes citizens' attitudes, beliefs, and opinions regarding pornography, digital exposure to sexual content, victimization through the dissemination or non-consensual use of sexual images—including those generated with artificial intelligence (AI)—the perception of prostitution, and the measures considered appropriate to prevent and eradicate it. In light of the survey results, nearly 69% of respondents strongly or somewhat agree that prostitution is a form of violence against women, a percentage that rises to 75.1% among women. Furthermore, 79.1% strongly or somewhat agree that prostitution jeopardizes the dignity of those who engage in it, and over 75% believe that most women in prostitution are victims of sexual exploitation. On the other hand, more than three-quarters of the population consider that prostitution is not a job "like any other" and 79.8% reject the idea that it is "a way of exercising sexual freedom". Eighty-two percent of the population believes that paying for sex is a behavior more typical of men, as is watching pornography. Meanwhile, prostitution is perceived as a behavior more typical of women. Sixty-three percent of the population would disapprove of a male relative paying for sex. This rejection is even more pronounced among women, reaching 71.1%. Furthermore, the analysis by the DGVG and the CIS reveals a clear aversion among women to having a relationship with someone who pays for sex, with 91.2% stating they have no such intention. The public perceives prostitution as a phenomenon closely linked to socioeconomic vulnerability and violence. Seven out of ten people surveyed believe that women in prostitution are in it out of economic necessity, while 41.5% believe they are forced into it. Regarding pornography, 71.6% believe it promotes violence against women, and 93.3% of survey participants indicate the need to restrict minors' access to this content. They believe the responsibility for establishing these restrictions should lie primarily with families, parents, and also with the government. Furthermore, paying to view sexual acts on online platforms is considered a form of prostitution by seven out of ten people surveyed. Digital platforms Six out of ten people say they are aware of digital platforms like OnlyFans or JustForFans, with awareness being higher among men and those aged 16 to 34. According to those interviewed, financial need is the main reason some people create intimate content on these platforms. When asked about the risks that women who offer intimate or sexual content on digital platforms may face, the responses point to blackmail or extortion, unauthorized distribution, or harassment. The vast majority of the population, 95%, believes that digital platforms should be required to remove non-consensual sexual content published on them. Eradication of prostitution Regarding measures to eradicate prostitution, almost half the population believes the most necessary is strengthening education on equality, sexuality, and human rights from childhood. Likewise, the provision of social and economic programs to help women leave prostitution is seen as essential. Three out of ten respondents believe that punishing those who pay for prostitution and those who profit from the prostitution of others, but not the prostituted women, could be another effective measure. Regarding those who pay for prostitution, almost half of those who believe punishments should be imposed on those who pay for or profit from prostitution understand that this behavior should carry educational and economic sanctions. As for those who profit from the sexual activity of others, imprisonment is the most frequently mentioned measure, at 82.4%. The majority of the population, 85.6%, believes that punishing those who profit from the prostitution of others would contribute to reducing the trafficking of women and girls for sexual exploitation. In short, perceptions of pornography are largely critical, linking it to violence, the distortion of sexuality, and inequality. The results of the survey reflect a widespread rejection of positions that normalize prostitution, indicating a social orientation aligned with abolitionist approaches.