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Escalas de prestigio profesional
Carabaña Morales, Julio; Gómez Bueno, Carmuca
207 págs.
Madrid, 1996.
ISBN: 9788474762341
ComprarDescripción
Apenas si se usan en la sociología española las escalas de prestigio profesional, en parte por estar asociadas con dos etiquetas, funcionalismo y empirismo, que tuvieron pésima reputación en el período crítico en que la Sociología se institucionalizaba en España. Pero de vez en cuando surgen demandas de investigadores que, embarcados quizá en un proyecto comparativo, preguntan por una escala de prestigio profesional. Animados por esta demanda, así como por las necesidades de nuestra propia investigación en movilidad social, presentamos en este Cuaderno las escalas que hoy en día pueden ser de más interés y utilidad para los investigadores, dando lugar prominente a una basada en un cuestionario a españoles. Como introducción a las escalas mismas, se explica cuándo y cómo usarlas. Luego se trata del concepto del prestigio y se discuten las objeciones más frecuentes contra su cuantificación y después nos centramos en los dos aspectos metodológicos muy relevantes, el de los niveles de medición y el de la verdadera distribución de prestigio profesional. Se presentan luego brevemente dos escalas internacionales, el ISEI (International Socioeconomic Index), derivada del SEI de Duncan, que es primariamente un índice de status que secundariamente puede usarse como una medida indirecta del prestigio, y la Escala Internacional de Treiman, que puede considerarse una medida directa del prestigio profesional. Llamamos PRESCA1 y PRESCA2 a las escalas elaboradas por nosotros, del modo que se expone en detalle. En los ANEXOS se ofrecen íntegras dos escalas internacionales y la PRESCA2, por ser las que nos parecen de utilidad más inmediata. Las tres medidas del prestigio se presentan para su uso con las viejas clasificaciones de ocupaciones (ISCO88, CNO79) y con las nuevas (ISCO88, CNO94).
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