Biography:

John H. Goldthorpe presents in Madrid the first title in the new Clásicos Contemporáneos collection, published by the CIS The presentation of the book "On sociology: numbers, narratives and integration of research and theory", held on 15 September in the head offices of the CEPC, was also attended by José María Maravall, Sociology Professor at the Universidad Complutense of Madrid, and Belén Barreiro, President of the CIS. John. H. Goldthorpe, one of today's most important sociologists, has preesented the first title in the new Contemporary Classics collection edited by the CIS: "On sociology: numbers, narratives and integration of research and theory". The collection, published in conjunction with the BOE, proposes to take in works by the most prestigious contemporary sociologists and political experts. This first title analyses the difference between social classes and the inequalities in life's opportunities, in social mobility and in educational achievement. The act began with some words from the CIS President, Belén Barreiro, who underlined that the body she presides contributes through the production of survey data and its publishing activity, to the development and consolidation of a scientific sociology, governed by the same standards of rigour and transparency that Goldthorpe defends in his book. Then, José María Maravall emphasised that this title, which offers an excellent recompilation of the British author's main ideas, represents a true guide as to the meaning of doing good sociology and it gives basic arguments for understanding why inequalities exist in our society today. For his part, John H. Goldthorpe, after commenting the wide-ranging uptake his work has had in different parts of the world, defended a kind of research comprising three fundamental stages. The first documents the empirical regularities of the phenomenon that is to be analysed. The second generates hypotheses from theory to try to identify the mechanisms to explain said regularities. The third puts said hypotheses to the test by data analysis. The author defended the theory of rational choice due to its explanatory power and he insisted that qualitative research should make its methodology explicit in the same way as quantitative research does. Lastly, the author congratulated the publishing house and the translator, Teresa Casado, for her work. Interview with John H. Goldthorpe published by the Scientific Information and News Service - SINC John H. Goldthorpe is an emeritus member of Nuffield College at Oxford University. He is also a member of the British Academy, the European Academy and a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Goldthorpe is one of the main scholars of the structure of social classes and social mobility in advanced societies, a field to which he has contributed with a number of now classic research projects. His class scheme is, possibly, the most influential instrument of analysis in contemporary empirical sociology, as it has enabled comparisons to be made of social structures in one same country over time and also between different countries, and to measure their effects on behaviour. In the last few years, as well as continuing to undertake empirical research, he has actively participated in sociology's methodological debates, presenting a clear defence of his point of view on the direction of scientific progress in furthering knowledge of societies. José María Maravall is professor of sociology at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Honorary Fellow of St. Antony's College at Oxford University, member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and also the British Academy. In 2007 he was awarded the National Sociology and Political Science Award by the CIS, of which he is currently a member of the Advisory Council. He is also a member of the Editorial Board of the Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas (REIS), published by the CIS. His numerous publications tackle a wide range of issues which include the comparative study of the functioning of democracies and their institutions.

Lecture by Belén Barreiro Pérez-Pardo, President of the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, in the Foro de la Nueva Sociedad 23 June 2010 This morning, Belén Barreiro Pérez-Pardo spoke in the Foro de la Nueva Sociedad, as part of the lectures organised by Nueva Economía Forum. The presentation was made by José María Maravall, sociologist and former Minister of Education. Lecture text:

Lecture by Belén Barreiro Pérez-Pardo, President of the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, in the Foro de la Nueva Sociedad 23 June 2010 This morning, Belén Barreiro Pérez-Pardo spoke in the Foro de la Nueva Sociedad, as part of the lectures organised by Nueva Economía Forum. The presentation was made by José María Maravall, sociologist and former Minister of Education. Lecture text:

El curso de verano que organiza el CIS 'El estudio de la Opinión Pública en las sociedades democráticas' ha sido inaugurado hoy por el presidente de la Institución, José Félix Tezanos. Tezanos ha centrado su ponencia en los estudios de opinión pública e investigaciones sociológicas.  El Catedrático y presidente del CIS ha puesto el foco entre la diferencia que existe entre un pronóstico y una estimación: "la estimación se basa en indicadores estadísticos". Además, ha explicado que en procesos o contextos sencillos es "más fácil hacer una estimación, a pesar de que hoy en día los electorados están en descomposición, la gente que vota a un mismo partido se ha ido reduciendo al 20%".   Durante la mañana también ha intervenido el expresidente del CIS y Académico de la Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas, Juan Díez Nicolás. Díez ha asegurado que "las encuestas de opinión están dentro de la investigación sociológica, pero son solo una parte de la realidad social" y ha añadido que "esa realidad no está ordenada, sino que la ordenamos nosotros con los sistemas de clasificación". Unos sistemas que son "totalmente subjetivos". Durante la sesión de la tarde se ha celebrado la mesa 'La información y el estudio de la opinión pública como servicio público', la presidenta de RTVE, Concepción Cascajosa, ha explicado que el ente público tiene puesto el foco estos últimos años en "ofrecer informacón veraz y crear herramientas que permitan verificar información".

The summer course "The Study of Public Opinion in Democratic Societies" continues in El Escorial. This second session focused on communication and public opinion in modern democracies. EFE President Miguel Ángel Oliver emphasized the importance of verifying and cross-checking information. He also asserted that EFE itself is "a verification tool." "Journalism today is experiencing a more complex climate than a few years ago due to the fragmentation of society and the sheer number of media outlets," Oliver explained. José María Calviño, the former general director of RTVE, asserted that it was easier to report in the media in the past than it is now. "In the 1980s, TVE's goal was to bring news items closer to the public, not to provide the absolute truth," Calviño explained. The scientific study of Public Opinion was also discussed by Professor Antonio Alaminos, a member of the Scientific Council of the CIS. Alaminos explained that "predictive models in Spain make operational adjustments that are products of intuition," referring to private polling firms. Today, Professor of Sociology Gaspar Brändle also spoke about public opinion in Spain and its evolution.

The first wave of the 2024 Health Barometer reveals a slight increase in population satisfaction with the public health system, which reached 6.26 points out of 10 in April, slightly exceeding the score of 6.14 recorded in the same period in 2023. Satisfaction with Primary Care experienced a slight increase, reaching 6.29 points compared to 6.19 the previous year. While specialized care remains positive, its score decreased from 5.95 to 5.86 points. On the other hand, emergency services (7.51 points) and hospital care (7.14 points) remain the most highly valued aspects of the healthcare system. Regarding waiting lists, the percentage of citizens who believe they have worsened has decreased by more than four percentage points, from 39.2% to 34.6%. 50.1% of the population still believes that public healthcare is financed in whole or in part by contributions from working people, and only 45.6% know that it is financed by taxes from all citizens. Primary Care 83.6% of primary care service users rate the care they receive positively. This percentage has increased slightly compared to 80.4% in 2023. The most highly rated aspects are the trust and security conveyed by both the nursing and medical staff (8.08 and 7.87 out of 10, respectively). Regarding wait times, 25.1% of those who made an appointment were seen by their primary care physician on the same day or the next day, five points more than last year's survey. The rest had an average wait of 8.3 days, compared to 9.12 in 2023. Furthermore, almost 80% of citizens who needed primary care assistance last year were seen in person. Specialties 42.3% have consulted a public health specialist in the last twelve months, either by referral from a Primary Care physician (37.2%) or by appointment from the specialist physician during a previous consultation (57.9%). 81.5% of users positively rate the care they receive, with no significant changes compared to 2023 (82.8%). The aspects most highly valued by users are the information they receive about their health problems and the trust and security instilled by the medical staff (7.74 and 7.73, respectively). Hospital admission 10.1% reported having been admitted to a public hospital in the last twelve months. 40.3% were scheduled for surgery or diagnostic testing; 56.9% for an urgent illness or health problem; and 2.8% for childbirth. 87.6% of public hospital users positively rate the care they received during their stay. The highest-rated aspects are the care provided by the various professionals (nursing, 8.46 points, and medicine, 8.39 points). Emergencies 44.6% of citizens admit to having visited a public health emergency service in the last twelve months. Primary care services accounted for 40.5% of the demand during this period, hospital emergency services accounted for 52.7%, and 6.5% used a 061/112 type emergency service. The National Health System's emergency services are rated positively by 76.5% of those who used them. Equality This year, 2024, the Health Barometer included a question about the population's perception of equal treatment in public healthcare based on various aspects. Nearly 40% of the general population perceives that services are not received equally depending on the autonomous community in which they live, and 36% also believe that treatment is unequal depending on the person's handling of new technologies. Socioeconomic status, or the age of the people served, are the aspects in which the greatest equality in treatment is perceived. Mental health This edition also explores, for the first time, some aspects related to the care of mental health problems. In April 2024, 17.8% of respondents reported having needed to consult a healthcare professional for a mental health problem or psychological or emotional distress. 46.3% received care in the public health system, 44.7% in the private health system, and 2.6% in both. Among those treated in the public health system, 40.1% reported being treated primarily by a psychiatric specialist, 33.1% by their family doctor, and 20.8% by a psychologist. Twenty-six percent of those who consulted a professional for mental health issues got their appointment in less than 30 days; 40% were seen within one to three months; and another 26% waited more than three months to receive a consultation. 78.9% of people treated in public healthcare stated they were satisfied with the care they received during their visit, and 49.0% reported receiving better care than they expected. Acceptance of vaccines The Health Barometer has also included, for the first time, a series of questions to assess the degree of acceptance of vaccine use among the general population. Vaccination acceptance in our country is high, despite the fact that 36.7% believe they cause adverse health effects. The level of agreement with the protective aspects of vaccines exceeds 90%, and 89.9% state they follow the recommendations of healthcare professionals regarding vaccination. Knowledge and use of technologies In this wave, the Health Barometer also asks about citizens' use of digital technologies to interact with the healthcare system. 55.9% of those interviewed reported having an electronic certificate for carrying out administrative procedures, and only 0.9% did not know what it was. This indicator is relevant since access to the interoperable NHS medical record and, in most cases, to regional medical records, requires a personal electronic certificate. 38.5% have accessed their electronic medical records, compared to 61.5% of those interviewed who have never accessed them: 32.2% of them were unaware of this possibility, and 19.3% do not know or cannot use the Internet. 60.4% of respondents know they can pick up medications prescribed by the public health system outside their autonomous community thanks to the interoperable electronic prescription system, and 44.3% of them have used this service. The Health Barometer is an annual public opinion survey conducted by the Ministry of Health in collaboration with the Center for Sociological Research (CIS) since 1993. The annual survey, the basis of the study, consists of approximately 7,800 home interviews with people aged 18 and over, in all Spanish provinces. The first wave was conducted in April 2024, with 2,576 interviews.

The first wave of the 2024 Health Barometer reveals a slight increase in population satisfaction with the public health system, which reached 6.26 points out of 10 in April, slightly exceeding the score of 6.14 recorded in the same period in 2023. Satisfaction with Primary Care experienced a slight increase, reaching 6.29 points compared to 6.19 the previous year. While specialized care remains positive, its score decreased from 5.95 to 5.86 points. On the other hand, emergency services (7.51 points) and hospital care (7.14 points) remain the most highly valued aspects of the healthcare system. Regarding waiting lists, the percentage of citizens who believe they have worsened has decreased by more than four percentage points, from 39.2% to 34.6%. 50.1% of the population still believes that public healthcare is financed in whole or in part by contributions from working people, and only 45.6% know that it is financed by taxes from all citizens. Primary Care 83.6% of primary care service users rate the care they receive positively. This percentage has increased slightly compared to 80.4% in 2023. The most highly rated aspects are the trust and security conveyed by both the nursing and medical staff (8.08 and 7.87 out of 10, respectively). Regarding wait times, 25.1% of those who made an appointment were seen by their primary care physician on the same day or the next day, five points more than last year's survey. The rest had an average wait of 8.3 days, compared to 9.12 in 2023. Furthermore, almost 80% of citizens who needed primary care assistance last year were seen in person. Specialties 42.3% have consulted a public health specialist in the last twelve months, either by referral from a Primary Care physician (37.2%) or by appointment from the specialist physician during a previous consultation (57.9%). 81.5% of users positively rate the care they receive, with no significant changes compared to 2023 (82.8%). The aspects most highly valued by users are the information they receive about their health problems and the trust and security instilled by the medical staff (7.74 and 7.73, respectively). Hospital admission 10.1% reported having been admitted to a public hospital in the last twelve months. 40.3% were scheduled for surgery or diagnostic testing; 56.9% for an urgent illness or health problem; and 2.8% for childbirth. 87.6% of public hospital users positively rate the care they received during their stay. The highest-rated aspects are the care provided by the various professionals (nursing, 8.46 points, and medicine, 8.39 points). Emergencies 44.6% of citizens admit to having visited a public health emergency service in the last twelve months. Primary care services accounted for 40.5% of the demand during this period, hospital emergency services accounted for 52.7%, and 6.5% used a 061/112 type emergency service. The National Health System's emergency services are rated positively by 76.5% of those who used them. Equality This year, 2024, the Health Barometer included a question about the population's perception of equal treatment in public healthcare based on various aspects. Nearly 40% of the general population perceives that services are not received equally depending on the autonomous community in which they live, and 36% also believe that treatment is unequal depending on the person's handling of new technologies. Socioeconomic status, or the age of the people served, are the aspects in which the greatest equality in treatment is perceived. Mental health This edition also explores, for the first time, some aspects related to the care of mental health problems. In April 2024, 17.8% of respondents reported having needed to consult a healthcare professional for a mental health problem or psychological or emotional distress. 46.3% received care in the public health system, 44.7% in the private health system, and 2.6% in both. Among those treated in the public health system, 40.1% reported being treated primarily by a psychiatric specialist, 33.1% by their family doctor, and 20.8% by a psychologist. Twenty-six percent of those who consulted a professional for mental health issues got their appointment in less than 30 days; 40% were seen within one to three months; and another 26% waited more than three months to receive a consultation. 78.9% of people treated in public healthcare stated they were satisfied with the care they received during their visit, and 49.0% reported receiving better care than they expected. Acceptance of vaccines The Health Barometer has also included, for the first time, a series of questions to assess the degree of acceptance of vaccine use among the general population. Vaccination acceptance in our country is high, despite the fact that 36.7% believe they cause adverse health effects. The level of agreement with the protective aspects of vaccines exceeds 90%, and 89.9% state they follow the recommendations of healthcare professionals regarding vaccination. Knowledge and use of technologies In this wave, the Health Barometer also asks about citizens' use of digital technologies to interact with the healthcare system. 55.9% of those interviewed reported having an electronic certificate for carrying out administrative procedures, and only 0.9% did not know what it was. This indicator is relevant since access to the interoperable NHS medical record and, in most cases, to regional medical records, requires a personal electronic certificate. 38.5% have accessed their electronic medical records, compared to 61.5% of those interviewed who have never accessed them: 32.2% of them were unaware of this possibility, and 19.3% do not know or cannot use the Internet. 60.4% of respondents know they can pick up medications prescribed by the public health system outside their autonomous community thanks to the interoperable electronic prescription system, and 44.3% of them have used this service. The Health Barometer is an annual public opinion survey conducted by the Ministry of Health in collaboration with the Center for Sociological Research (CIS) since 1993. The annual survey, the basis of the study, consists of approximately 7,800 home interviews with people aged 18 and over, in all Spanish provinces. The first wave was conducted in April 2024, with 2,576 interviews.

The first wave of the 2024 Health Barometer reveals a slight increase in population satisfaction with the public health system, which reached 6.26 points out of 10 in April, slightly exceeding the score of 6.14 recorded in the same period in 2023. Satisfaction with Primary Care experienced a slight increase, reaching 6.29 points compared to 6.19 the previous year. While specialized care remains positive, its score decreased from 5.95 to 5.86 points. On the other hand, emergency services (7.51 points) and hospital care (7.14 points) remain the most highly valued aspects of the healthcare system. Regarding waiting lists, the percentage of citizens who believe they have worsened has decreased by more than four percentage points, from 39.2% to 34.6%. 50.1% of the population still believes that public healthcare is financed in whole or in part by contributions from working people, and only 45.6% know that it is financed by taxes from all citizens. Primary Care 83.6% of primary care service users rate the care they receive positively. This percentage has increased slightly compared to 80.4% in 2023. The most highly rated aspects are the trust and security conveyed by both the nursing and medical staff (8.08 and 7.87 out of 10, respectively). Regarding wait times, 25.1% of those who made an appointment were seen by their primary care physician on the same day or the next day, five points more than last year's survey. The rest had an average wait of 8.3 days, compared to 9.12 in 2023. Furthermore, almost 80% of citizens who needed primary care assistance last year were seen in person. Specialties 42.3% have consulted a public health specialist in the last twelve months, either by referral from a Primary Care physician (37.2%) or by appointment from the specialist physician during a previous consultation (57.9%). 81.5% of users positively rate the care they receive, with no significant changes compared to 2023 (82.8%). The aspects most highly valued by users are the information they receive about their health problems and the trust and security instilled by the medical staff (7.74 and 7.73, respectively). Hospital admission 10.1% reported having been admitted to a public hospital in the last twelve months. 40.3% were scheduled for surgery or diagnostic testing; 56.9% for an urgent illness or health problem; and 2.8% for childbirth. 87.6% of public hospital users positively rate the care they received during their stay. The highest-rated aspects are the care provided by the various professionals (nursing, 8.46 points, and medicine, 8.39 points). Emergencies 44.6% of citizens admit to having visited a public health emergency service in the last twelve months. Primary care services accounted for 40.5% of the demand during this period, hospital emergency services accounted for 52.7%, and 6.5% used a 061/112 type emergency service. The National Health System's emergency services are rated positively by 76.5% of those who used them. Equality This year, 2024, the Health Barometer included a question about the population's perception of equal treatment in public healthcare based on various aspects. Nearly 40% of the general population perceives that services are not received equally depending on the autonomous community in which they live, and 36% also believe that treatment is unequal depending on the person's handling of new technologies. Socioeconomic status, or the age of the people served, are the aspects in which the greatest equality in treatment is perceived. Mental health This edition also explores, for the first time, some aspects related to the care of mental health problems. In April 2024, 17.8% of respondents reported having needed to consult a healthcare professional for a mental health problem or psychological or emotional distress. 46.3% received care in the public health system, 44.7% in the private health system, and 2.6% in both. Among those treated in the public health system, 40.1% reported being treated primarily by a psychiatric specialist, 33.1% by their family doctor, and 20.8% by a psychologist. Twenty-six percent of those who consulted a professional for mental health issues got their appointment in less than 30 days; 40% were seen within one to three months; and another 26% waited more than three months to receive a consultation. 78.9% of people treated in public healthcare stated they were satisfied with the care they received during their visit, and 49.0% reported receiving better care than they expected. Acceptance of vaccines The Health Barometer has also included, for the first time, a series of questions to assess the degree of acceptance of vaccine use among the general population. Vaccination acceptance in our country is high, despite the fact that 36.7% believe they cause adverse health effects. The level of agreement with the protective aspects of vaccines exceeds 90%, and 89.9% state they follow the recommendations of healthcare professionals regarding vaccination. Knowledge and use of technologies In this wave, the Health Barometer also asks about citizens' use of digital technologies to interact with the healthcare system. 55.9% of those interviewed reported having an electronic certificate for carrying out administrative procedures, and only 0.9% did not know what it was. This indicator is relevant since access to the interoperable NHS medical record and, in most cases, to regional medical records, requires a personal electronic certificate. 38.5% have accessed their electronic medical records, compared to 61.5% of those interviewed who have never accessed them: 32.2% of them were unaware of this possibility, and 19.3% do not know or cannot use the Internet. 60.4% of respondents know they can pick up medications prescribed by the public health system outside their autonomous community thanks to the interoperable electronic prescription system, and 44.3% of them have used this service. The Health Barometer is an annual public opinion survey conducted by the Ministry of Health in collaboration with the Center for Sociological Research (CIS) since 1993. The annual survey, the basis of the study, consists of approximately 7,800 home interviews with people aged 18 and over, in all Spanish provinces. The first wave was conducted in April 2024, with 2,576 interviews.

The first wave of the 2024 Health Barometer reveals a slight increase in population satisfaction with the public health system, which reached 6.26 points out of 10 in April, slightly exceeding the score of 6.14 recorded in the same period in 2023. Satisfaction with Primary Care experienced a slight increase, reaching 6.29 points compared to 6.19 the previous year. While specialized care remains positive, its score decreased from 5.95 to 5.86 points. On the other hand, emergency services (7.51 points) and hospital care (7.14 points) remain the most highly valued aspects of the healthcare system. Regarding waiting lists, the percentage of citizens who believe they have worsened has decreased by more than four percentage points, from 39.2% to 34.6%. 50.1% of the population still believes that public healthcare is financed in whole or in part by contributions from working people, and only 45.6% know that it is financed by taxes from all citizens. Primary Care 83.6% of primary care service users rate the care they receive positively. This percentage has increased slightly compared to 80.4% in 2023. The most highly rated aspects are the trust and security conveyed by both the nursing and medical staff (8.08 and 7.87 out of 10, respectively). Regarding wait times, 25.1% of those who made an appointment were seen by their primary care physician on the same day or the next day, five points more than last year's survey. The rest had an average wait of 8.3 days, compared to 9.12 in 2023. Furthermore, almost 80% of citizens who needed primary care assistance last year were seen in person. Specialties 42.3% have consulted a public health specialist in the last twelve months, either by referral from a Primary Care physician (37.2%) or by appointment from the specialist physician during a previous consultation (57.9%). 81.5% of users positively rate the care they receive, with no significant changes compared to 2023 (82.8%). The aspects most highly valued by users are the information they receive about their health problems and the trust and security instilled by the medical staff (7.74 and 7.73, respectively). Hospital admission 10.1% reported having been admitted to a public hospital in the last twelve months. 40.3% were scheduled for surgery or diagnostic testing; 56.9% for an urgent illness or health problem; and 2.8% for childbirth. 87.6% of public hospital users positively rate the care they received during their stay. The highest-rated aspects are the care provided by the various professionals (nursing, 8.46 points, and medicine, 8.39 points). Emergencies 44.6% of citizens admit to having visited a public health emergency service in the last twelve months. Primary care services accounted for 40.5% of the demand during this period, hospital emergency services accounted for 52.7%, and 6.5% used a 061/112 type emergency service. The National Health System's emergency services are rated positively by 76.5% of those who used them. Equality This year, 2024, the Health Barometer included a question about the population's perception of equal treatment in public healthcare based on various aspects. Nearly 40% of the general population perceives that services are not received equally depending on the autonomous community in which they live, and 36% also believe that treatment is unequal depending on the person's handling of new technologies. Socioeconomic status, or the age of the people served, are the aspects in which the greatest equality in treatment is perceived. Mental health This edition also explores, for the first time, some aspects related to the care of mental health problems. In April 2024, 17.8% of respondents reported having needed to consult a healthcare professional for a mental health problem or psychological or emotional distress. 46.3% received care in the public health system, 44.7% in the private health system, and 2.6% in both. Among those treated in the public health system, 40.1% reported being treated primarily by a psychiatric specialist, 33.1% by their family doctor, and 20.8% by a psychologist. Twenty-six percent of those who consulted a professional for mental health issues got their appointment in less than 30 days; 40% were seen within one to three months; and another 26% waited more than three months to receive a consultation. 78.9% of people treated in public healthcare stated they were satisfied with the care they received during their visit, and 49.0% reported receiving better care than they expected. Acceptance of vaccines The Health Barometer has also included, for the first time, a series of questions to assess the degree of acceptance of vaccine use among the general population. Vaccination acceptance in our country is high, despite the fact that 36.7% believe they cause adverse health effects. The level of agreement with the protective aspects of vaccines exceeds 90%, and 89.9% state they follow the recommendations of healthcare professionals regarding vaccination. Knowledge and use of technologies In this wave, the Health Barometer also asks about citizens' use of digital technologies to interact with the healthcare system. 55.9% of those interviewed reported having an electronic certificate for carrying out administrative procedures, and only 0.9% did not know what it was. This indicator is relevant since access to the interoperable NHS medical record and, in most cases, to regional medical records, requires a personal electronic certificate. 38.5% have accessed their electronic medical records, compared to 61.5% of those interviewed who have never accessed them: 32.2% of them were unaware of this possibility, and 19.3% do not know or cannot use the Internet. 60.4% of respondents know they can pick up medications prescribed by the public health system outside their autonomous community thanks to the interoperable electronic prescription system, and 44.3% of them have used this service. The Health Barometer is an annual public opinion survey conducted by the Ministry of Health in collaboration with the Center for Sociological Research (CIS) since 1993. The annual survey, the basis of the study, consists of approximately 7,800 home interviews with people aged 18 and over, in all Spanish provinces. The first wave was conducted in April 2024, with 2,576 interviews.

The first wave of the 2024 Health Barometer reveals a slight increase in population satisfaction with the public health system, which reached 6.26 points out of 10 in April, slightly exceeding the score of 6.14 recorded in the same period in 2023. Satisfaction with Primary Care experienced a slight increase, reaching 6.29 points compared to 6.19 the previous year. While specialized care remains positive, its score decreased from 5.95 to 5.86 points. On the other hand, emergency services (7.51 points) and hospital care (7.14 points) remain the most highly valued aspects of the healthcare system. Regarding waiting lists, the percentage of citizens who believe they have worsened has decreased by more than four percentage points, from 39.2% to 34.6%. 50.1% of the population still believes that public healthcare is financed in whole or in part by contributions from working people, and only 45.6% know that it is financed by taxes from all citizens. Primary Care 83.6% of primary care service users rate the care they receive positively. This percentage has increased slightly compared to 80.4% in 2023. The most highly rated aspects are the trust and security conveyed by both the nursing and medical staff (8.08 and 7.87 out of 10, respectively). Regarding wait times, 25.1% of those who made an appointment were seen by their primary care physician on the same day or the next day, five points more than last year's survey. The rest had an average wait of 8.3 days, compared to 9.12 in 2023. Furthermore, almost 80% of citizens who needed primary care assistance last year were seen in person. Specialties 42.3% have consulted a public health specialist in the last twelve months, either by referral from a Primary Care physician (37.2%) or by appointment from the specialist physician during a previous consultation (57.9%). 81.5% of users positively rate the care they receive, with no significant changes compared to 2023 (82.8%). The aspects most highly valued by users are the information they receive about their health problems and the trust and security instilled by the medical staff (7.74 and 7.73, respectively). Hospital admission 10.1% reported having been admitted to a public hospital in the last twelve months. 40.3% were scheduled for surgery or diagnostic testing; 56.9% for an urgent illness or health problem; and 2.8% for childbirth. 87.6% of public hospital users positively rate the care they received during their stay. The highest-rated aspects are the care provided by the various professionals (nursing, 8.46 points, and medicine, 8.39 points). Emergencies 44.6% of citizens admit to having visited a public health emergency service in the last twelve months. Primary care services accounted for 40.5% of the demand during this period, hospital emergency services accounted for 52.7%, and 6.5% used a 061/112 type emergency service. The National Health System's emergency services are rated positively by 76.5% of those who used them. Equality This year, 2024, the Health Barometer included a question about the population's perception of equal treatment in public healthcare based on various aspects. Nearly 40% of the general population perceives that services are not received equally depending on the autonomous community in which they live, and 36% also believe that treatment is unequal depending on the person's handling of new technologies. Socioeconomic status, or the age of the people served, are the aspects in which the greatest equality in treatment is perceived. Mental health This edition also explores, for the first time, some aspects related to the care of mental health problems. In April 2024, 17.8% of respondents reported having needed to consult a healthcare professional for a mental health problem or psychological or emotional distress. 46.3% received care in the public health system, 44.7% in the private health system, and 2.6% in both. Among those treated in the public health system, 40.1% reported being treated primarily by a psychiatric specialist, 33.1% by their family doctor, and 20.8% by a psychologist. Twenty-six percent of those who consulted a professional for mental health issues got their appointment in less than 30 days; 40% were seen within one to three months; and another 26% waited more than three months to receive a consultation. 78.9% of people treated in public healthcare stated they were satisfied with the care they received during their visit, and 49.0% reported receiving better care than they expected. Acceptance of vaccines The Health Barometer has also included, for the first time, a series of questions to assess the degree of acceptance of vaccine use among the general population. Vaccination acceptance in our country is high, despite the fact that 36.7% believe they cause adverse health effects. The level of agreement with the protective aspects of vaccines exceeds 90%, and 89.9% state they follow the recommendations of healthcare professionals regarding vaccination. Knowledge and use of technologies In this wave, the Health Barometer also asks about citizens' use of digital technologies to interact with the healthcare system. 55.9% of those interviewed reported having an electronic certificate for carrying out administrative procedures, and only 0.9% did not know what it was. This indicator is relevant since access to the interoperable NHS medical record and, in most cases, to regional medical records, requires a personal electronic certificate. 38.5% have accessed their electronic medical records, compared to 61.5% of those interviewed who have never accessed them: 32.2% of them were unaware of this possibility, and 19.3% do not know or cannot use the Internet. 60.4% of respondents know they can pick up medications prescribed by the public health system outside their autonomous community thanks to the interoperable electronic prescription system, and 44.3% of them have used this service. The Health Barometer is an annual public opinion survey conducted by the Ministry of Health in collaboration with the Center for Sociological Research (CIS) since 1993. The annual survey, the basis of the study, consists of approximately 7,800 home interviews with people aged 18 and over, in all Spanish provinces. The first wave was conducted in April 2024, with 2,576 interviews.

The summer course "Social Structure and Change in Contemporary Spain" begins next Monday. Its objective is to analyze the main dimensions that shape Spain's social structure, its evolution, and its international comparative perspective. To this end, the course will analyze: structural trends and changes in Spanish society, from poverty and social exclusion to the role of political parties and the changes taking place in voting behavior. The situation of women and feminism as a driving force for change will also be addressed; the values, ideologies, and beliefs existing in Spanish society; scientific culture in Spain; migration processes; the situation of young people and their future; and old and new cultures and mentalities in Spanish society. The conferences will attempt to unite the plurality and diversity of theoretical and methodological approaches to address the evolution of Spanish society. The president of the CIS, Jose Félix Tezanos, will open the course, which will also include experts such as Inés Alberdi, Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the Carlos III University; Constanza Tobío, Professor of Sociology at the Carlos III University of Madrid; Rafael Pardo, Director of the BBVA Foundation and Professor of Sociology; Carles Manera, Professor of Economic History at the University of the Balearic Islands and Board Member of the Bank of Spain; and Antón Losada, journalist and Professor of Political Science at the University of Santiago de Compostela. Every summer, the UIMP programs and delivers high-profile academic courses in various disciplines and areas of knowledge at the Magdalena Palace and the Las Llamas Campus in Santander. In addition to their educational nature, their purpose is to promote encounters, reflection, and debate on topics at the forefront of knowledge, as well as interdisciplinary analysis of issues that concern the future of our societies. Check out the full course program on our website www.cis.es.

The president of the CIS, José Félix Tezanos, opened the seminar "Structure and Social Change in Contemporary Spain" with his presentation on trends in change and social inequalities in Spanish society. The Director of Publications and Research Promotion at the CIS, Rorsario H. Sánchez Morales, addressed poverty and social exclusion during the first day of the course. Finally, Emeritus Professor and National Sociology Prize winner Inés Alberdi spoke about the new forms and modes of interpersonal relationships in our country.

The president of the CIS, José Félix Tezanos, opened the seminar "Structure and Social Change in Contemporary Spain" with his presentation on trends in change and social inequalities in Spanish society. The Director of Publications and Research Promotion at the CIS, Rorsario H. Sánchez Morales, addressed poverty and social exclusion during the first day of the course. Finally, Emeritus Professor and National Sociology Prize winner Inés Alberdi spoke about the new forms and modes of interpersonal relationships in our country.

The seminar "Structure and Social Change in Contemporary Spain," organized by the CIS (National University of Madrid) and the UIMP (United Nations Institute of Public Education) has concluded after a week of presentations by various specialists and academics. The course concluded with presentations by Sociology professor Verónica Díaz, who spoke about young Spaniards and their future, and by Professor Óscar Iglesias, who spoke about old and new cultures in Spanish society. This Thursday's seminar focused on economics. Professor of Economic History Carles Manera spoke about the recent evolution of the Spanish economy in the wake of COVID-19. We were also joined by Professor of Economics Pedro Casares, who discussed the evolution and prospects of the Spanish economy within the European framework. Women also had a special focus at this seminar. CIS Research Director Silvia García Ramos focused her presentation on gender stereotypes in Spanish society. And Sociology Professor Carlota Solé spoke about immigrant women.

The CIS conducted a survey on public opinion and fiscal policy, asking respondents about issues such as their assessment of the functioning of public services, taxes, and tax fraud, among other topics. Taxes and tax fraud 88.9% of Spaniards believe that there is "a lot or quite a lot" of tax fraud in our country, and 81.7% believe that cheating the Treasury on tax returns "is cheating the rest of the citizens." Regarding tax pressure, 36.7% believe that more taxes are paid in Spain than in Europe, while 31.2% believe the opposite, that more taxes are paid in Europe than in our country. 78.2% do not believe that those who have more pay more taxes, while 62.5% believe that Spaniards are little or not at all aware or responsible when it comes to paying taxes. Regarding the fight against tax fraud, 40.1% believe the Administration makes "many or quite a few" efforts to combat tax fraud, a percentage that coincides with those who believe the Administration makes few efforts in this area. Valuation of public services The study also asked respondents to assess the functioning of public services, and 60% rated the functioning of public transportation as "very or fairly" satisfactory; 52.2% rated citizen security as "very" or "fairly" satisfactory; 49.1% rated education as "fairly" satisfactory; and 45.9% rated healthcare as "very or fairly" satisfactory. The administration of justice was "very or fairly" satisfactory for 19.2% of respondents. Nearly 60% of Spaniards believe that "taxes are necessary for the State to provide public services," and 14.3% believe that "taxes are a means to better redistribute wealth in society." The various public administrations allocate the money we pay in taxes in Spain to fund public services and benefits, and those surveyed believe that "very few" resources are allocated to housing (80.1%), research in science and technology (79.9%), and the rural environment (73.7%). The State and the Economy 48.3% of Spaniards believe that "the State should intervene in economic life, but respect private initiative," 22.8% believe that "the State should not intervene in economic life, except to correct possible imbalances," while 18.2% believe that "the State should intervene in all economic life." Economic situation When asked about their personal financial situation, 70.7% of Spaniards say it is "good or very good"; 53.3% say the situation in their autonomous community is "good or very good," while when asked about the situation in Spain, it is "good or very good" for 38.5%. Aspects of life The study also asks about various aspects of Spaniards' lives and their level of satisfaction. On a scale of 0 to 10, where zero is "completely dissatisfied" and ten is "completely satisfied," "family life" is rated 8.57, health 7.67, social life 7.81, and standard of living 7.24. These and other data are collected in the survey conducted from July 5th to 11th with 4,005 interviewees.

After studying law and political science in Spain, he trained as a sociologist at the University of Chicago, where he was an assistant professor. Upon his return to Spain, he presented his doctoral thesis, "The Spanish Family in Transition," which received an extraordinary award. In 1962, he won the Chair of Sociology at the University of Barcelona, and in 1967, he also won the Chair previously held by Enrique Gómez Arboleya at the Faculty of Political, Economic, and Commercial Sciences in Madrid. He headed the Department of Sociology from 1971, promoting the creation of the first Faculty of Sociology, serving as Dean from 1977 to 1980. He was one of the founding promoters of the Institute of Public Opinion (the predecessor of the CIS), of which he was CEO of the Governing Council (since 1963) and Director from 1967 to 1971. In 1979, he was elected to the Royal Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, and from 2003 to 2010, he served as president of the Institute of Spain. He directed the UNESCO Dictionary of Social Sciences, an institution for which he chaired the Spanish Commission for Cooperation, and was also the Spanish representative on the United Nations Commission on Population. Author of fifty books, manuals and reports on Sociology, he directed the liberal political weekly El Europeo during the last years of Franco's regime and the beginnings of the Democratic Transition, also promoting and directing various academic Sociology journals (the Journal of Social Studies, the International Journal of Sociology, the Spanish Journal of Public Opinion, Annals of Sociology, etc.). The Department of Sociology, which he directed for three decades, was a paradigmatic example of a breeding ground institution, from which emerged not only the main impetus for the creation of the first Spanish Faculty of Sociology, but also more than twenty professors of Sociology, four ministers at different stages of Spanish political life, and a good number of senior officials and leaders of various political parties and academic institutions. The seeds you planted will live on. Rest in peace.

The Resolution of the Undersecretariat of Science, Innovation and Universities is published, approving the final lists of candidates admitted and excluded from the open-access selection process for Scientific Research Personnel in Public Research Organizations, convened by Resolution of April 8, 2024, as well as the final list of those admitted. You can consult the Resolution here , and the final list of those admitted and excluded here .

By Order PJC/620/2024, of June 19, which approves the regulatory bases for the granting by the Center for Sociological Research of the National Prize for Sociology and Political Science, the granting of this Prize is regulated. This Prize will be awarded in recognition of academic, scientific, and professional contributions and career in the field of Sociology or Political Science.

Consumer confidence stood at 89.4 points in July, one point higher than the June figure, according to the Center for Sociological Research's monthly index. The CCI figure has been rising since the beginning of the year, when it stood at 78.6 points. This increase in the index is due to an increase in the assessment of the current situation, which rose 3.7 points, despite a decrease in the assessment of expectations, which fell 1.6 points compared to June. The current situation assessment index reached 86.6 points this month, a 3.7-point increase compared to last June. This increase reflects the evolution of its three components: the assessment of the current economic situation rose 4.6 points compared to June, reaching 80.9 points; the assessment of the household situation increased 2.5 points, reaching 89.2 points; and the assessment of the labor market reached 89.8 points, a 4-point increase compared to June. The Expectations Index reached 92.2 points this July, 1.6 points lower than the 93.8 points recorded in June. This result is due to the negative trend in its three components: the assessment of the future development of the economy, at 85.2 points, shows a decrease of 2.7 points compared to June; the assessment of the future situation of households remains virtually unchanged, with a slight decrease of 0.1 points, reaching 107.2 points; and expectations about the future of the labor market fell 1.9 points, reaching 84.2 points this July.